ABSTRACT
It is unclear whether cancer patients show impaired responses to COVID-19 and vaccination. Immune profiling was performed in three cohorts of healthy donors and oncologic patients: infected with SARS CoV-2, BNT162b2-vaccinated, and with previous COVID-19 and subsequently vaccinated. Vaccination was a poor inductor of T cell responses compared to infection, which significantly potentiated vaccination in antibody and T cell responses. T cell major targets in natural infection were the M and S protein, but not the N protein. T cell responses quickly decayed after 6 months post-vaccination, and T cell profiling showed that vaccination expanded effector T cells rather than memory T cell subsets unless the subjects had previous COVID-19. Cancer patients with previous COVID-19 and vaccinated exhibited potent IL-17+ CD4 and CD8 responses and increased neutrophils. Concluding, COVID-19 infection had potent adjuvant effects for vaccination leading to memory T cell differentiation, but with enhanced IL-17 inflammation signatures. Teaser Adjuvancy of SARS CoV-2 in cancer patients.
Subject(s)
Memory Disorders , Arthritis, Experimental , Neoplasms , COVID-19ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic triggered substantial economic and social disruptions. Mitigation policies varied across countries based on resources, political conditions, and human behavior. In the absence of widespread vaccination able to induce herd immunity, strategies to coexist with the virus while minimizing risks of surges are paramount, which should work in parallel with reopening societies. To support these strategies, we present a predictive control system coupled with a nonlinear model able to optimize the level of policies to stop epidemic growth. We applied this system to study the unfolding of COVID-19 in Bahia, Brazil, also assessing the effects of varying population compliance. We show the importance of finely tuning the levels of enforced measures to achieve SARS-CoV-2 containment, with periodic interventions emerging as an optimal control strategy in the long-term. One-sentence summary We present an adaptive predictive control algorithm to provide optimal public health measures to slow the COVID-19 transmission rate.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Growth DisordersABSTRACT
Resumen: La pandemia actual generada por el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ha constituido desde su aparición, el foco de preocupación sanitaria a nivel mundial. Su elevada transmisibilidad asociada a la ausencia de un tratamiento eficaz, implica un duro impacto en el área de investigación. Los reportes sobre formas de presentación atípicas, factores de riesgo asociados y fármacos ensayados para disminuir su morbimortalidad, saturan los medios de comunicación. La comunidad cardiológica se encuentra activamente presente, ya que las manifestaciones cardiovasculares son frecuentes y variadas, así como también se ha observado un aumento del riesgo de mala evolución en aquellos individuos con enfermedad cardiovascular previa. El objetivo de la revisión es aportar la evidencia disponible en este tópico, haciendo la salvedad del carácter dinámico de la información. Summary: The current pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been the focus of global health concern since its appearance. Its high transmissibility associated with the absence of an effective treatment implies a hard impact in the research area. Reports of atypical presentation forms, associated risk factors, and drugs tested to decrease morbidity and mortality saturate the media. The cardiology community is actively present since cardiovascular manifestations are frequent and varied, as well as an increased risk has been observed in those patients with previous cardiovascular disease. The objective of this review is to contribute the available evidence on this particular topic, making the caveat, of the dynamic nature of the information. Resumo: A atual pandemia causada pelo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) tem sido o foco de preocupações globais com a saúde desde o seu surgimento. Sua alta transmissibilidade associada à ausência de um tratamento efetivo implica forte impacto na área de pesquisa. Relatos de formas de apresentação atípicas, fatores de risco associados e medicamentos testados para diminuir a morbimortalidade saturam a mídia. A comunidade de cardiologia está ativamente presente, pois as manifestações cardiovasculares são frequentes e variadas, bem como um risco aumentado foi observado nos pacientes com doença cardiovascular anterior. O objetivo desta revisão é contribuir com as evidências disponíveis sobre esse tópico em particular, tornando a advertência da natureza dinâmica das informações.
ABSTRACT
Summary: The current pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been the focus of global health concern since its appearance. Its high transmissibility associated with the absence of an effective treatment implies a hard impact in the research area. Reports of atypical presentation forms, associated risk factors, and drugs tested to decrease morbidity and mortality saturate the media. The cardiology community is actively present since cardiovascular manifestations are frequent and varied, as well as an increased risk has been observed in those patients with previous cardiovascular disease. The objective of this review is to contribute the available evidence on this particular topic, making the caveat, of the dynamic nature of the information.